Inetone: Raspberry PI5

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24.03.2024

Case and PCIe#

Update 02.10.2024 I bought the Argon NEO 5 M.2 NVMe PCIE

case, which has an integrated PWM fan. This box is perfect for th PI5 and has a adapter for a PCIe m.2 NVMe (not m.2 SATA!).

OLD: I used the case "Raspberry PI5 Case Acryl with FAN" from mindfactory. There seems to be many different "acryl cases" in the market, e.g. you cannot expect to get the same everywhere. My fan in this package had a two pin adapter only, which you can apply to the GPIO pins 4+5 but then the fans runs always, which is too loud. You should use the official 4 pin fan connector, e.g. buy a package with a proper fan! I guess with the 4 pins it is with PWM signal that allows the computer to change the speed of the fan.
Finally I disabled the fan as I have only max 60°C only (see Temparature below).

Storage#

What is fastest?#

Component	Speed
USB 3.0 (5Gbps)	625 MB/s
PCIe 2.0 x1	250 MB/s
Gigabit Ethernet	125 MB/s

As my case offers a PCIe M.2 NVMe slot I added a SSD 4TB Lexar NM790 M.2 2280 PCIe. This had frequently "input/output error", which could be resolved via reboot only. There seesm to be an issue at the kernel, see here Anyway, I returned this device and bought a "4TB Samsung 990 PRO M.2 2280 PCIe 4.0 x4 3D-NAND TLC (MZ-V9P4T0BW)".

Format #

list devices
> lsblk -f  
nvme0n1
> sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
delete partition
> d
create GPT partition table
> g
create partition
> n  (use defaults)
write changes
> w
create ext4 filesystem
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1

Secure purge#

> sudo shred -vzu -n0 /dev/nvme0n1

> sudo apt install nvme-cli
> nvme format --help
> sudo nvme list
> sudo nvme format -s2 /dev/nvme0n1

Mount#

create folder as mountpoint
> sudo mkdir /mnt/m2
get device ids (you can use also the name in fstab)
> sudo blkid
add entry in fstab
> sudo vi /etc/fstab
 add line
 # file_system         mount_point         type  options                      dump pass
 /dev/nvme0n1p1        /mnt/m2             ext4  defaults,auto,users,nofail   0    2
 /dev/sda1             /mnt/usb            auto  defaults,nofail              0    2
reload and check
> sudo systemctl daemon-reload
> sudo mount -a
> df -h
> fdisk --list
> lsblk -o PATH,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT /dev/nvme0n1p1

If you add an USB drive in fstab, make sure to use option nofail, because system will enter emergency mode (leave with Ctrl+D) if USB drive is turned off otherwise!

OS and update#

I installed Raspberry PI 5 / Raspberry PI OS 64bit on 128GB microSD via Imager Software
Note: Settings has three tabs !

name = raspberrypi5
Enable SSH !
Enable WLAN

Update:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo reboot
sudo raspi-config
??? sudo apt install apt-transport-https <- no need for https ???

The Squeezebox Radio needs an IP address (see below), so I activated in FritzBox to give the same IP always to "raspberrypi5".

Samba#

Add samba service to share with windows

>sudo apt-get install samba
# Samba user, same password:
> sudo smbpasswd -a <user>
> sudo mkdir /var/log/samba
}}
> sudo vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
add something like:
[global]
 workgroup = WORKGROUP
# MARKUS ADDED
 netbios name = LINUXSERVER
 lanman auth = no
 ntlm auth = yes
 client lanman auth = no
 wins support = yes
 local master = yes
 preferred master = yes

# MARKUS ADDED
[Musik]
 comment=Raspberry Pi Share
 path = /media
 browseable = yes
 writeable = yes
 read only = no
 only guest = no
 create mask = 0775
 directory mask = 0755
 public = no
 force user = markus

Write permissions on windows are shared on Linux level:

> sudo chmod a+rwx /media

Linux Commands
note: you see the shares used only if some user uses currently, otherwise check config

> sudo service smbd restart
> sudo smbcontrol all reload-config
> samba --version => Version 4.17.12-Debian
> systemctl status smbd
> sudo smbstatus
> sudo smbstatus --shares
> sudo pdbedit -L -v
> cat /var/log/samba/log.smbd

In Windows use
\\raspberrypi5\Musik => Anmelden

Temperature and Power#

Power
You cannot properly messure power consumption in PI, app "powertop" cannot be used due to missing batterie.

 > vcgencmd measure_volts => volt = 0,7200V

I used a smart power adapter from Gosund to check:

3,0 - 3,4W while idle/streaming
3,6 - 3,9W while copying files via Samba

Temperature
You can use Linux for checking that:

 > sudo cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp

Some Linux background about temperatures:
see folder /sys/class/thermal/
=> zones, PI5 has one only = thermal_zone0
note: values like 60050 = 60,05°C

file	description	value
type	Type of the thermal zone	cpu-thermal
temp	Current temperature	56,0 - 60,5 °C without fan in arcyl case (sdCard side open)
mode	Working mode of the thermal zone	enabled
policy	Thermal governor used for this zone	step_wise
available_policies	Available thermal governors for this zone	step_wise
trip_points	temp=temperature/type=type/hyst=Hysteresis value for this trip point	0 critical / 110 °C / 0
		1 active / 50 °C / 5
		2 active / 60 °C / 5
		3 active / 67,5 / 5
		4 active / 75 °C / 5
slope	Slope constant applied as linear extrapolation	-550
sustainable_power	Sustainable dissipatable power	0
k_po	Proportional term during temperature overshoot	0
k_pu	Proportional term during temperature undershoot	0
k_i	PID's integral term in the power allocator gov	0
k_d	PID's derivative term in the power allocator	0
integral_cutoff	Offset above which errors are accumulated	0
offset	Offset constant applied as linear extrapolation	450000

Current CPU frequency

 > cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq => 15000000
 > vcgencmd measure_clock arm => frequency(0)=1500004352

Logitech Squeezebox Radio#

Logitech#

See mysqueezebox

| forum1

| forum2

| LMS (Logitech Media Server) Downloads

| LMS Getting Started

I followed more or less StepByStep Instructions by Harald Kreuzer.

Disable swap file

sudo service dphys-swapfile stop
sudo systemctl disable dphys-swapfile
sudo apt-get purge dphys-swapfile
sudo apt autoremove

sudo vi /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt
ADD at the end of line >noswap<
console=[...] noswap

sudo vi /etc/fstab
ADD:
# Log to RAM
tmpfs   /tmp            tmpfs   defaults,noatime,nosuid,mode=1777,size=256m 0 0
tmpfs   /var/log        tmpfs   defaults,noatime,nosuid,mode=0755,size=128m 0 0
tmpfs   /var/tmp        tmpfs   defaults,noatime,nosuid,mode=0755,size=128m 0 0

Install LMS (Logitech Media Server) for music (only)#

sudo apt-get install libsox-fmt-all libflac-dev libfaad2 
sudo apt-get install libio-socket-ssl-perl 
sudo apt-get install libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl 
sudo apt-get install libcrypt-openssl-random-perl 
sudo apt-get install libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl 
# download ARM version Debian !
wget https://downloads.slimdevices.com/LogitechMediaServer_v8.5.0/logitechmediaserver_8.5.0_arm.deb
(note: NOT the ARM tgz = .tar.gz => tar xvf *.tgz)
sudo dpkg -i logitechmediaserver_8.5.0_arm.deb
# to test at window you need lame too
sudo apt-get -y install lame

LMS Commands

sudo service logitechmediaserver start
sudo service logitechmediaserver stop
sudo service logitechmediaserver restart

WebGUI: http://raspberrypi5:9000/ You can listen to selected stream with http://raspberrypi5:9000/stream.mp3

Enable at radio
Settings in radio see https://lms-community.github.io/getting-started/migrate-from-uesr-de/

UPNP/DLNA => Settings > Plugins verwalten > enable "UPnP/DLNA Media Interface (v1.0)

Custom URL #

Note: WebGUI > Radio > URL laden - does not save the URL

Create m3u file like

format:

#EXTM3U  <= must be first line 
#EXTINF:<seconds>,<track title>

examples:

#EXTM3U
#EXTINF:295,Starlight Express - AC/DC
MyCDs\Starlight Express - Starlight Express, Bochum 1991\Starlight Express - 05 ACDC.mp3

#EXTM3U
#EXTINF:0,Radio BOB
http://streams.radiobob.de/bob-national/mp3-192/mediaplayer

2. copy in the folder which is configured in settings > Grundeinstellungen > Wiedergabenlisten-Ordner
3. After changes: Settings > "Durchsuchen starten" (auch für Wiedergabelisten)
4. At radio you can choose Eigene Musik > Wiedergabelisten; you can even save that as favorite

UPnP/DLNA Streaming Server - minidlna #

Notes

This is for all media, musik is already available with LMS.
KODI etc is running as app, e.g. you need to connect HDMI from Raspberry to TV !

sudo apt install minidlna
sudo service minidlna restart

Standard share is at /var/lib/minidlna/

config

vi /etc/default/minidlna 
vi /etc/minidlna.conf

Backup with Syncthing #

see heise CT article

get source signed key
> sudo curl -s -o /usr/share/keyrings/syncthing-archive-keyring.gpg https://syncthing.net/release-key.gpg
add source to package lists
> echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/syncthing-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.syncthing.net/ syncthing stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/syncthing.list
check
>sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/syncthing.list
install
> sudo apt update
> sudo apt full-upgrade -y
> sudo apt install syncthing -y
enable web gui for all IP addresses
>sudo vi ~/.local/state/syncthing/config.xml
 update line:  <address>0.0.0.0:8384</address>
start/stop
> sudo systemctl enable syncthing@markus.service
> sudo systemctl start syncthing@markus.service
> sudo systemctl disable syncthing@markus.service
> sudo systemctl stop syncthing@markus.service
> sudo systemctl restart syncthing@markus.service

Web Guid at http://raspberrypi5:8384

API can be used with header: X-API-Key=<see web gui preferences>

https://raspberrypi5:8384/rest/pending/folders
}}


!!Image viewer feh
{{{
> sudo apt-get install feh
> feh -g 640x480 -d -S filename /path/to/directory
> feh --start-at ./foo.jpg /path/to/directory

Shortcuts

You can reset/overwride with file ~/.config/feh/keys
Use feh:

in terminal, navigate to folder with fotos and > feh
run for dedicated folder:

man feh

-Z =auto zoom
-x = borderless
-F = fullscreen
-S name =sorting
> feh -ZxF -S name --start-at /mnt/m2/photos

Monitoring with RPi Monitor#

help1

| help2

> gpg --no-default-keyring --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 2C0D3C0F
> sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 2C0D3C0F
> sudo wget http://goo.gl/vewCLL -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rpimonitor.list
> sudo apt update && sudo apt install rpimonitor
> sudo /etc/init.d/rpimonitor install_auto_package_status_update
> sudo /etc/init.d/rpimonitor restart

Note: you can customize/add network and service monitoring for example at files

/etc/rpimonitor/daemon.conf
/etc/rpimonitor/template/network.conf
...

Web GUI at http://raspberrypi5:8888

Note: you can also use your own web server

#daemon.noserver=1

wifi / wlan#

If you connect via cable, you do not need wlan
Check WLAN

> ifconfig  > find "wlan0"
> dmesg   	> find "WLAN Adapter"
(sudo dmesg -c   clear messages)
> sudo iwconfig  <========= find "Mode:Managed Access Point"
	> sudo iwgetid
	> sudo apt-get install iw
	> iwconfig  find "IEEE 802.11bgn"
	> iwlist chan
	> iw list

Disable wlan

> sudo vi /boot/firmware/config.txt
add after [all]
dtoverlay=disable-wifi

> rfkill
> rfkill block wifi
> rfkill unblock wifi
> sudo ip link set wlan0 down

Issues#

No sound over HDMI (Browser Streaming)#

Solution at tecchannel

sudo vi /boot/firmware/config.txt

# added Markus EDIT for HDMI sound output in browser on TV
hdmi_drive=2
hdmi_force_hotplug=2

Error message "Cannot open access to console, the root acccount is locked"#

Solution at github

=> turn on external harddisk while booting, you can turn off afterwards again

Raspberry not accessible now and then#

Unsolved, please check

journalctl

Error monitor.c:222: warn: WARNING: Inotify

max_user_watches [63376] is low or close to the number of used watches [29] and I do not have permission to increase this limit. Please do so manually by writing a higher value into /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches.

sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
sudo sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288
sudo sysctl -p

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