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Firewall with iptables
Firewall with iptables

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Zeile 4: 2 Zeilen geändert.
! Commands
!Commands
Zeile 14: Eine Zeile geändert.
* all iptables commands (for ipv4) have an ip__6__tabbles* equivalent (for ipv6)
* all iptables commands (for ipv4 only) have an ip__6__tables* equivalent for ipv6
Zeile 15: 5 Zeilen hinzugefügt.
{{{
> who -u # get all sessions with ip and pid
> sudo netstat -pantW # list network connections, p=programs,a=all,n=IPs,t=tcp,W=wide(not truncate IP address)
> ip a # list all ips
}}}
Zeile 17: 4 Zeilen geändert.
! Python
* package python3-iptables manages legacy ones only
* package "python3-nftables" manages nft tables
* alternatively you can use subprocess.run to call the original system commands
! Logging
{{{
> iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-level 4 --log-prefix 'IP INPUT '
}}}
Zeile 22: Eine Zeile geändert.
import nftables
! Load rules after reboot
{{{
> sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent
}}}
* Current iptables rules can be saved to the configuration file /etc/iptables/rules.v4. These rules will then be loaded automatically during system startup.
* Rules are only saved automatically during package installation. See the manual page of iptables-save(8) for instructions on keeping the rules file up-to-date.
! Syntax
see [docu|https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/4/html/reference_guide/s1-iptables-options#s2-iptables-options-structure]
{{{
> sudo ip6tables -L -v
> sudo ip6tables -nvL # thjis is most compact
> sudo ip6tables -n -v --line-numbers -L # list all ipv6 rules with numeric IPs and rule number
> sudo service ip6tables start # activate firewalling
> sudo chkconfig ip6tables on # enable after reboot
}}}
{{{
ip6tables [-t <table-name>] <command> <chain-name> <parameter-1> <option-1> <parameter-n> <option-n>
}}}
* table-name
** like ~[filter, nat, mangle, raw, security~], if omitted we use "filter"
* command
** -F : flush current chain or all if omitted
** -X : deletes a user-specified chain or all if omitted
** -Z : zeros the byte and packet counters in all chains
** -A : apppend a rule at the end
** -I : inserts at a specified position (similar to replace -R), wihtout position at the top
** -P : a policy is a fall back and is used after all rules have passede** you can enable certain special addresses earlier
** -L : list all rules
* chain-name
** INPUT, FORWARD, OUTPUT (as listed with > iptables -L)
** you may invent new chain names, but this seems not to be common (command -N)
* parameter-1 (filter)
** -s : source filter (address~[/mask~]~[...~])
** -d : destination filter
** -p : protocoll filter like ~[icmp, tcp, udp, all~] or those in /etc/protocols, if omitted ALL protocols are considered
*** with -p tcp you can use --dport for destination port filter, any number
*** with -p udp you can use --dport for destination port and --sport as source port filter
*** ports can be also a range like 3000:3200 (all from 3000 to 3200)
*** with -p icmp you can use --icmp-type
** -i : interface like ~[eth0, lo, ppp0~], without name ALL interfaces are used
** -j : jump to ~[ACCEPT, DROP, QUEUE, RETURN~] (or others added with modules), REJECT= notify other end, DROP= silently ignore
** -m : adds a comment when listing the rules, syntax >-m comment --comment "My comments here"<
* option-1 (target)
** ~[ACCEPT, DROP, QUEUE, RETURN~] (or others added with modules)
* option-n (listing options)
** -v : verbose output
** -n : displays IP addresses and port numbers in numeric format instead of hostname/network service
* notes
** the first three commands are usually used to create a fresh ruleset in a script
** in the chain list and then drop all other later
! [Examples|https://www.iitk.ac.in/LDP/HOWTO/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/ch18s03.html]
{{{
ip6tables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s 2001:0db8:100::1/128 --sport 512:65535 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT #Allow incoming SSH from 2001:0db8:100::1/128
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -d 2001:0db8:100::1/128 --dport 512:65535 --sport 22 ! --syn -j ACCEPT #Allow response packets (no longer needed if connection tracking is used!)
ip6tables -I INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --syn -j DROP #Block incoming TCP connection requests to this host
ip6tables -I FORWARD -i eth0 -p tcp --syn -j DROP #Block incoming TCP connection requests to hosts behind this router
ip6tables -I INPUT -i eth0 -p udp ! --dport 32768:60999 -j DROP #Block incoming UDP packets which cannot be responses of outgoing requests of this host
ip6tables -I FORWARD -i eth0 -p udp ! --dport 32768:60999 -j DROP #Block incoming UDP packets which cannot be responses of forwarded requests of hosts behind this router
ip6tables -A INPUT --protocol icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -j ACCEPT --match limit --limit 30/minute #Rate-limiting
}}}
{{{
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmpv6 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d ff02::fb -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited
}}}
more {examples|https://www.linux.com/topic/networking/iptables-rules-ipv6/]
{{{
ipt6="/sbin/ip6tables" # Define your command variables
$ipt6 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Must allow loopback interface
$ipt6 -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -j DROP # Reject connection attempts not initiated from the host
$ipt6 -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow return connections initiated from the host
$ipt6 -A INPUT -p icmpv6 -j ACCEPT # Accept all ICMP v6 packets
# to services. Delete $ipt6 -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -j DROP # Optional rules to allow other LAN hosts access
$ipt6 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp # Allow DHCPv6 from LAN only
-s fe80::/10 --dport 546 -j ACCEPT
$ipt6 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow connections from SSH clients
$ipt6 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic
$ipt6 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic
}}}
! My RuleSet
This one is
* allowing dhcp, dns and router traffic
* not allowing ipv4
* allowing ipv6 for 3 distinct ipv6 addresses, these are the first three ipv6 rules, which we replace at [Exposing Raspberry to Internet]
{{{
#!/bin/bash
SOURCE=::
# ipv4 ------------------------------------
# Flush all rules and delete all chains for a clean startup
iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -Z # Zero out all counters
# enable dns nameserver
iptables -A INPUT -s 1.1.1.1 -j ACCEPT # cloudflare
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 1.1.1.1 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 8.8.8.8 -j ACCEPT # google
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 8.8.8.8 -j ACCEPT
# connection
iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# enable router for dhcp
iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.188.1/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.188.1/24 -j ACCEPT
# enable dns
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --sport 53,67,68,90,135,853,5353,8245 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m multiport --dport 53,67,68,90,135,853,5353,8245 -j ACCEPT
#iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp --dport 67:68 --sport 67:68 -j ACCEPT
#iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp -m udp -m multiport --dports 67:68 -j ACCEPT
#iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp -m multiport --dports 67:68 -j ACCEPT
# enable dhcp
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 134 -m comment --comment router-advertisement -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 135 -m comment --comment neighbor-solicitation -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 136 -m comment --comment neighbor-advertisement -j ACCEPT
# allow local loopback
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# drop everything else
iptables -A INPUT DROP
iptables -P FORWARD -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -j DROP
# ipv6 ------------------------------------
# Flush all rules and delete all chains for a clean startup
ip6tables -F
ip6tables -X
ip6tables -Z
# drop all ipv6 traffic, except special ipv6, see below
# do not limit to --dport 22, because the source has random ports (?)
# add first to enabel replacing 1. rule later
# placeholder for first device
ip6tables -A INPUT -s $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
# placeholder for second device
ip6tables -A INPUT -s $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
# placeholder for third device
ip6tables -A INPUT -s $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d $SOURCE -j ACCEPT
# dns nameserver
ip6tables -A INPUT -s 2606:4700:4700::1111 -j ACCEPT # cloudflare
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d 2606:4700:4700::1111 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -s 2001:4860:4860::8888 -j ACCEPT # google
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d 2001:4860:4860::8888 -j ACCEPT
# connection
ip6tables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# enable dhcp
ip6tables -A INPUT -s fd94::/16 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d fd94::/16 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -s fe80::/16 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -d fe80::/16 -j ACCEPT
# enable dns
ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --sport 53,67,68,90,135,853,5353,8245 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m multiport --dport 53,67,68,90,135,853,5353,8245 -j ACCEPT
# enable dhcp
ip6tables -A INPUT -p ipv6-icmp -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p ipv6-icmp -j ACCEPT
#ip6tables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 --icmpv6-type 134 -m comment --comment router-advertisement -j ACCEPT
#ip6tables -A INPUT -p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 --icmpv6-type 135 -m comment --comment neighbor-solicitation -j ACCEPT
#ip6tables -A INPUT -p ipv6-icmp -m icmp6 --icmpv6-type 136 -m comment --comment neighbor-advertisement -j ACCEPT
# allow ipv6 local loopback
ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# drop everthing else
ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP # as policy generally
ip6tables -A INPUT -j DROP
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -j DROP
# update first ip6tables rules and enable my computers
/home/markus/update_ip6tables.py
echo "---- iptables ----"
iptables -vnL
echo
echo "---- ip6tables ----"
ip6tables -vnL
}}}
Diese Seite (Version-45) wurde zuletzt am 29-Dez.-2024 12:08 von Administrator geändert.Top